Published Sep 9, 2026, 6:09 AM ET · Updated 2 months ago · 1 source
SNARKs, FHE and iO each unlock distinct DeFi capabilities: proving, hiding data, hiding logic
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Original Report
The three cryptographic primitives solve different problems — SNARKs prove computation, FHE hides data, and iO hides the program itself — and together they point toward systems that are correct, private and trust-minimized simultaneously.